Couple things to start off: 1) This is really long, but sometimes trains of thought are long, and 2) I used to be a postliberal.
Postliberal theology, for those of you whose hobbies don’t include following the latest trends and lingo in the theological academy, is a theological school of thought… and, well, a sensibility, really… that I will probably presently describe in ways that make real honest-to-goodness postliberals say, “Hey, I don’t think that’s really fair or especially nuanced.”
Please understand, I shall do my best to be both fair and nuanced, but there’s just so much that one COULD say — about the differences between George Lindbeck and Hans Frei and Stanley Hauerwas, for example — and meanwhile I’m kinda committed to not getting bogged down in a lot of insider words, so you won’t hear me uttering “Wittgenstein” or “language games” or “MacIntyre” or “postfoundationalist” or “metanarrative.” So consider this a proviso that what follows is a popularization, at least; and if you are a postliberal and what I say rankles you, please feel free to take it up with me personally or in the comments (though of course my blog has a pretty strict comments policy and my personal interactions don’t, beyond the basic universal interpersonal boundary of “It may or may not suit me to talk about this just now, or ever. Thank you in advance for your understanding.”)
Anyway. Postliberal theology. Also known as The Yale School, even though it has now migrated to Duke, where it’s involved in an intensely passionate long-distance relationship with its British sweetheart Radical Orthodoxy, whom it met at a conference.
The basic idea is that it’s actually – surprise! – a really good thing that in this postmodern age we’re all suspicious about metanarratives metaphysics totalizing horizons Big Stories That Claim To Account For Everything Ever.
Oh, you might THINK that Christian theology, inasmuch as it is certainly a Big Story with Big Claims about Big Things, would be ill-served by a cultural and philosophical economy in which it’s believed that nobody can trust Big Stories. But the maneuver of postliberal theology is to say: Hey, we Christians never should have gotten into the objective truth claims business in the first place. Because what, after all, is an objective truth claim? Who’s “objective”? Haven’t we figured out that there’s no access to any kind of uninterpreted reality, and truth claims only have coherence inasmuch as they’re part of a community’s way of life? And, oh, say, The Church (always “The Church” rather than “churches”) is actually a community with a way of life! So how about we make sure our theological claims just cohere with the stories we tell, and with our embodied way of life — rather than trying to hold those claims up to some objective reality and see if they match?
All of which sounds pretty good, especially (I imagine) to people who are used to Christians who say things like “The fossil record is totes compatible with belief in a creation of six twenty-four-hour days, because um because um because I said so is why.”
OR, alternately, to Christians who say things like, “All the great religions of the world basically teach the Same Thing Deep Down, amounting to some sort of deep feeling of At-One-Ness with The Ultimate. Because, you see, the historical specificity and cultural context of those religions aren’t all that important. Now, granted, it’s only we post-Enlightenment western educated folks who are so clever as to NOTICE that all the great religions of the world say the same thing, but because we’re so nice WE WON’T EVEN DEMAND A BIG PARADE in honor of our cleverness. Maybe just a MEDIUM-SIZED parade. Say, you’re welcome!”
So, postliberal theology has appeal because it more than improves on those. Which is all well and good, except for… um, the way it plays out sometimes. Because that’s the odd thing. Often, what a postliberal theological outlook seems to mean, is that the postliberal Christian can say, emphatically, seemingly in the manner that one says things which one believes to actually be the case, “God is three persons, Father, Son, and Spirit.”
And then if you say, in reply, “Nah, I don’t think so,” the postliberal Christian can reply that you and ze are clearly speaking out of two different communities with different practices and different interpretations and different shared goods and really these are all pretty much incommensurable and we’re not going to achieve any kind of shared understanding anyway, no offense, and of course YOU wouldn’t believe that God is Father, Son and Spirit because you’re not part of a community that PRACTICES TRINITY, and ha ha truth claims can’t live with ‘em can’t live without ‘em and no hard feelings and how about them Cards?
And then ze will go off into a huddle with other postliberals and say “Of course, WE ALL know that God is three persons, Father, Son, and Spirit, amirite? High five!”
But I’m actually not writing this to trash postliberal theology. If I don’t anymore find postliberal theology persuasive, as a method or outlook, I still have a lot of affection and fondness for some postliberals. To say nothing of all the things that I learned from my time as a postliberal. Also, as a theology, postliberalism really does make a thrilling adventure out of faith, in a way that its rivals don’t so much. What I mean is, you do feel caught up in a great cause, and you can make GREAT friendships… the kind of friendships where friends do things like deliberately live together, share meals, share material goods in common, pray together, fast together, feast together, engage in tasks that are difficult, etc. All for the sake of the great Thing We’re Doing Here, for the community, for the practices, for the way of life.
(Also, related to why I stipulate that I’m not writing this to trash postliberalism: Not for nothing, I think I was a VERY obnoxious sort of postliberal when I was a postliberal. So I need to proceed with some humility here. You all may as well know that for most of my life I’ve been the sort of person who could reliably be counted upon to have some sort of conversion every few years, which unfortunately means that I can also be counted upon to have a convert’s zeal every few years. Which is… trying, I think, for one’s friends. So I’m trying not to make my postliberal friends into my theological toilet here, because they’ve had the patience of saints.)
So, once more with feeling: I’m not writing this to trash all things and people postliberal. I mention postliberalism because my eventual beef with it is part of what got me thinking about what is actually, someday, going to be the topic of this post. Which I will really get to eventually, but first, another necessary intermediate point: What I eventually concluded about postliberal theology is that it contains, within it, a nearly 100 percent reliable way to deflect any discussion of privilege.
I mean, right? You can see how this would work, yes? Well-meaning interlocutor says “Hey, I notice a lot of y’all seem to benefit a whole lot from white and male and class privilege… and in fact, that those things really helped your message become so popular!” And then all that Postliberal Friend has to say is “Whoa, buddy, NOT MY DISCOURSE! ‘Privilege’ is not in the vocabulary that emerges from the practices of The Church. Our identity doesn’t come from our privilege. It comes from our baptism. We’re divided by oppression, but we are one in baptism, and the oneness trumps the division, annnd SCENE!”
And really, if they’ve pretty much advertised that they’re not going to consider anything that can’t be said in an explicitly Christian idiom — or at least, aren’t going to consider anything that can’t be said in an explicitly Christian idiom, if what we’re talking about are fundamental issues of identity and purpose and meaning and divinity and such — then they’re being consistent here. Alas, it’s not like Jesus went around spouting critical race theory, or that Thomas Aquinas devoted a section of his Summa Theologiae to heterosexism and how it hurts people.
(Of course, you could argue that Jesus didn’t go around spouting Hellenistic philosophy either, yet early Christians were happy enough to import THAT foreign discourse into their explanations for things… but then your postliberal friend might say something like “Yes, but the Holy Spirit guides the church, and the concept ‘incarnate Logos’ has been part of Christian discourse for a long time, so we have a pretty good idea that that idea forms who we are. These notions of privilege… well, we just don’t KNOW yet if they cohere with The Church’s Way of Life. Say, how about we subsume ‘privilege’ under some more general discussion of sin?”)
So when I looked at postliberal theology from that angle, I found myself halfway out the door already, looking wistfully back at the friendships that aren’t as easy now that I’ve moved and am standing over here somewhere and my friends are over there. BUT ALL THAT IS STILL NOT WHAT I WANT TO TALK ABOUT.
What I want to talk about is the kind of longing, that I think is evidenced in postliberal theology and possibly other similar cultural gestures. A longing to be FROM somewhere. Expressed by people whose perspectives have been so universalized, made so normal and nice and everyday and default… that they start to feel, dizzyingly, terrifyingly, as though their perspectives might actually situate every place, but be from no-place.
I am speaking from my own experience and making what I think are informed guesses about the experiences of some people I’ve known, okay? If you’re a postliberal and you understand privilege and you don’t long to be from anywhere, then I’m not talking about you. But I do know my own experience and I do know that, for me, and I really think for at least a significant number of others, this was/is part of the appeal of postliberal theology.
Look, I’ve lived in St. Louis, New Haven, DC, Durham, South Bend, and now Tulsa. For most of my childhood we went to the church that had been my family’s church for a century; and then meanwhile I lived and went to school waaaay across town in a school district that was very Jewish, and the two social ecosystems didn’t overlap at all. My ancestors are from Germany and England and Scotland, but since those things long ago got alchemized into a privileged category called “white American” I don’t exactly spend a lot of time thinking about folk traditions from the Black Forest and how they impact my family’s customs and view of the world. (A Christmas Tree? Why that’s just Good Honest Family Christmas Hallmark God Bless Amurrica Holiday Special set dressing.)
Meanwhile I’m white and cisgender and Christian and able-bodied and middle-class and presenting heterosexual — so, the default, according to the dominant culture; othered only according to my gender — and of course, being “normal” means you don’t have to think much about those aspects about yourself wherein your normalness is allowed to rest undisturbed.
Add to that the fact that I am to move many times over the course of my educational and professional life. And then, keeping THAT in mind, consider that for churchgoers moving every few years means finding a new church every few years… and then try to factor in the array of Protestant denominations. Honestly: please, try. Have a go at it, and get back to me if you come up with something coherent, and I will be very grateful. Because frankly I’m stuck. I mean, keep trying to write the “Are Denominations Still Important? Yes or No?” post, only to get stuck in the same kind of confusion exhibited by… I don’t know… my dog, when there’s a barking dog on television and she rushes behind the TV set to look for it. I don’t know where to look in order to assess denominations’ relevance. I can’t even find where I’m supposed to be looking. I’m barking behind the television set, confused about why there’s nothing there.
Because actually the kind of churches I’ve gravitated to over the years — urban, traditional worship style, politically and theologically left-leaning, with at least some economic diversity among the membership — are pretty consistent. That is the kind of church we seem to be able to deal with and sometimes thrive in, sometimes find community in, sometimes have things to offer within. Ah, clearly I’m from the “Urban, Traditional Worship, Politically and Theologically Left-Leaning, Economic Diversity” denomination, right? That’s my tradition, yes?
Oh-HO, but there ISN’T such a denomination; and meanwhile the denominational name on the church sign, in my experience, provides little in the way of prediction of whether it will be that kind of a church. Does it predict what hymnal they will use and how they perform baptism and whether they have communion every week? Sure, but it gives exactly NO answer questions like: Are people going to think I’m a grody ballbuster because I’m the primary wage-earner? Are people going to think my husband’s a shameful throne-abdicator because he stays at home with our kids? Are we going to find anyone here that we can really talk to? Do people here think God is a Super-Dude? I’m 32; are the people at this church going to see me as part of The Youth? Will people give me the stinkeye if I want to have my kids with me in worship because I don’t know the nursery attendant, but lo and behold it turns out my kids don’t comport themselves like tiny middle-aged people in the sanctuary — hands folded, saying a faint “Mm” and nodding slightly when they find a point persuasive? Etc.
Denominational affiliation simply does not predict the answer to these questions which are actually really really important — and NO, not just in a narcissistic individualist way, either; but as the conditions of possibility for self-disclosure and hence for community which BY THE WAY IS NOT ALWAYS SAFE unless you’re extremely fortunate and your position in society is truly unassailable. (So I don’t wanna hear any of that “You’re just a church-shopper!” gritching because it’s not SHOPPING when what you’re after is being treated with basic decency. Hmf. Talking to ME about church-shopping, grumble grumble fade off..)
So.
In light of all that, it has become an urgent question: Where am I from? What particular identity do I have when, just as an example, every Starbucks and Whole Foods and American history text book — which looks exactly like every other Starbucks and Whole Foods and American history text book — shows me a picture of myself and my friends as the Generic Humans? And when I’ve lived in lots of different nodes of the United States which I know are different but which always, for me, seem to involve a lot of very similar retailscapes crafted for crunchy lefty moneyed white people just like me: Where am I from? Where am I from, when I have 300+ Facebook friends spread out all over the country who I guess are my “community” except that they don’t all know each other, and I even have privacy settings and friends lists in place to make sure that this group of people don’t talk do this group of people about such-and-such a topic, etc.? Where am I from when I can’t say I really belong to a particular denomination because I don’t even understand what that would mean, or what kind of world I’d have to inhabit where that would mean anything?
Let the fumes from those questions begin to make you dizzy and woozy, until the scene around you starts to wobble… and perhaps you can start to imagine how reassuringly solid it would feel for someone like me to be able to say, “No, see, I am actually from somewhere. It has something to do with baptism. Now I have a community too, see? Now I’m particular.”
In other words, when Stanley Hauerwas comes along and says, “Being a Christian is a lot like being a Texan!” what someone like me thinks is, “Wow, if this guy is right, then being a Christian means I can be FROM SOMEWHERE, in the same way that a self-described Texan is from Texas. It would be like… like being born somewhere and then growing up there and then being an adult there. Within a community, no less, that’s ostensibly ‘countercultural,’ set against the dominant culture. Rather than being one of its most mobile and pampered exponents, as I am currently. Wow! Thank God!
“Because up to now, the only place I’m ‘from’ is my vast inner expansive landscape of my own selfhood, which has been the constant as I’ve moved from place to place to place, and been catered to by marketers, and been privileged as the default kind of person, and meanwhile fit in only with difficulty in churches whose self-description makes little to no sense to me. And sure, some days that vast inner expanse feels like a playground! A nature preserve! A national park! But some days it feels like a very big and lovely and spacious private hell, because I don’t know where it is or what its boundaries are. Does it… does it have an outside? Does it go on forever? Can other people, you know, VISIT? Am I all alone in here? ECHO! etc.
So, postliberal theology, you say you offer a location? You’re going to tell me a compelling story about where I’m from, and where I show up, in a way that promises a consistent way of life shared with others as part of a big story? Awesome! I’m yours.”
Do I think the postliberal answer will finally suffice? No, for the reasons I mentioned earlier: it too skillfully filters out too many important voices, too many OTHER, crucial, truthful answers to the “Where am I from?” question. The postliberal movement – in its popular fanboy/fangirl expressions if not always in its more nuanced ivory tower expressions – is pretty frank about reserving the right to disregard anything that isn’t translated into its own very particular idiom. (Or, heck, in which it detects even a slight hint of any accent it deems foreign.)
But. Postliberal theology does give an answer to “Where are you from?” and “Where am I from?” in a way that I’m not sure either oldline liberals nor post-postliberals (party of one, right over here! [raises hand]) have done well. I could be wrong. If I’m not, could we maybe get around to this?